Productive and counterproductive behavior

Productive behavior can be described as employee behavior that enhances the achievement of organizational goals. This behavior is always positive because an organization has expectations and targets that are supposed to be achieved and accomplished within a given period of time. It takes time for an employee to transition within an organization before he/she can engage in productive behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Productive and counterproductive behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For productive behavior to be fully attainable, employees are supposed to be fully aware of the organizations culture. As far as financial issues are concerned, productive behavior is where returns on investments on an employee are achieved. Every organization wants to move forward based on different aspects and it always relies on employees to accomplish this which begs for good behavior that compliments well with the organizations goals and objectives. Most organizations are always focused on productive behavior than task performance because it accounts for more positive results and productivity (Scott, 2007, p. 23). There are different forms of productive behavior that every organization will always wish for because of the ever competitive business environment. Counterproductive behavior can be described as employee behavior that is always against the wishes of the organizations as far as goals and objectives are concerned. In this case, it should be known that counterproductive behavior can be either intentional or unintentional. This implies that there are always underlying causes that might lead to counterproductive behavior among employees which should be understood for long term sustainability. Different motivations and a wide range of underlying causes that encourage employees to be counterproductive might be found in any organization which limits productivity because there is no organiza tion that wants to be found in such a situation. As far as productivity is concerned, there are different aspects that can be used to explain a variety of counterproductive behavior that an organization might face as time goes by.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A person-by-environment interaction has been proposed as one of the ways by which counterproductive behavior can be understood and explained (Scott, 2007, p. 36). Counterproductive behavior within an organization is very costly and that is why employees should be supervised effectively for long term sustainability. Productive and counterproductive behaviors and job performance There is a big relationship between counterproductive and productive behavior within an organization. This is as far as job performance is concerned because it has an impact on productivity that is always critical towards the achievement of organization al goals. It should be known that behavior is a very important factor in any organization and even to employees. In this case, it is quite obvious that counterproductive behavior can cost an organization time and money. This behavior within an organization has different impacts based on various aspects (Scott, 2007, p. 56). While counterproductive behavior can cost the organization negatively, productive behavior can help the organization positively. In such circumstances, counterproductive behavior will always be a root issue in every organization and the society as a whole. Job performance which has an impact on productivity is always determined by either productive or counterproductive behavior. This is because when employees engage in productive behavior, an organization will be able to achieve its goals and objectives without any problem while counterproductive behavior limits such aspects. Business ethics are always important in every organization which relates well with produ ctive and counterproductive behavior. This is as far as every level of the organization is concerned because the behavior of employees will always be an important factor when it comes to success and growth. For long term sustainability within an organization, there should be negative and positive reinforcements that will ultimately influence the behavior of employees as time goes by (Scott, 2007, p. 89). There is no organization that will be happy to discontinue its business and that is why inefficient and nonproductive behavior should not be encouraged.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Productive and counterproductive behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Scott, R. (2007). Organizations and Organizing: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems Perspectives. London: Pearson Prentice Hall. This essay on Productive and counterproductive behavior was written and submitted by user Barbara Abbott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Productive and Counterproductive behavior

How to Get Good Professional References

How to Get Good Professional References Asking for a reference can be a subtle art form, but it’s a necessary thing to learn how to do, and do well. You’ll want to put a good deal of thought into who you choose, as you will need to get their consent before giving out their name. Here are a few tips for how to plan for the perfect reference.1. Go ProIt may be tempting to pick a pal over a professional contact, but it’s not going to serve you half as well. Go for someone familiar with your work and experience. And when you’re asked for a personal reference, make sure to choose someone who isn’t too personal. Think of it as a character reference, and err on the side of professionals over pals.2. Tailor to the PositionDon’t just ask the same people or person for every reference. Think hard about the position you’re applying to and what skills your potential reference would ideally be able to speak to on your behalf. Go specific over generic. And, when possible, give the contact information of the hiring manager directly to your referrer. That avoids the bland â€Å"to whom it may concern† opening to their letter.3. Develop a RangeCome up with 3-5  referrers who can be asked for different positions and can speak to different strengths of yours. Get their permission and have them lined up and ready to go when you need to deploy them.4. Get Their DetailsYou’ll want a name, business address, phone number, email, current title, company name, and preferred method of contact notated somewhere for each of your references. Leave them off your resume, but you might be asked for these in an interview or application situation, so have them ready. Try to keep their communication preferences straight as well.5. Inform Them Throughout the ProcessKeep your referrers in the loop. Let them know what jobs you’re applying to, send them the description, give them names of anyone who might be contacting them on your behalf. Coach them a bit, if you can, o n what the hiring manager is looking for. And don’t forget to thank them each and every time they recommend you somewhere.6. Ask in PersonIt may be tempting to ask over email, but resist the temptation! A more personal ask is called for when you’re asking someone to do you a massive professional favor. Pick up the phone and call- or better yet, take them out for coffee. Keep the relationship strong and don’t assume you’re owed anything. Keep your referrers sweet!7. Send your ResumeIt will often be extremely helpful for you referrers to see a copy of your resume. Who knows? They might end up being even more impressed with you than they were before when they agreed to recommend you.8. Know What They’ll SayWhen in doubt, don’t ask anyone who you’re not sure will go to bat for you. You want to be more or less certain what your referrers are going to say about you, your skills, and your experience. If there’s any doubt, either have a conversation about it, or ask someone you feel more secure about.

How a style guide can transform your organisations documents

How a style guide can transform your organisations documents Why you need a style guide Whats one thing you can do to transform everything you write at work? In fact, not just what you write: what your colleagues write too – even everyone in your entire organisation. Better still, as well as improving the emails, reports, letters, proposals and other documents you all produce, it can overhaul everyones experience of writing. So what is this magical act? Well, its taking the time to think about style. (And no, I dont mean what to wear on casual Friday.) Specifically, working with a style guide. Defining style And what is a style guide? In short, its the go-to reference for writing within a particular industry, organisation or publication. It outlines how to write the key documents in whatever arena it covers, touching on tone of voice, key terms, formatting and (sometimes) design. Style guides are particularly great at coming to the rescue on any questions that dont have an easy black-and-white, right-or-wrong answer. This would include things like whether to put one or two spaces after a full stop, how to punctuate bullet points, using US or UK spelling and how to style your company name in running text. (And hasnt every workplace or department temporarily ground to a halt at some point, as factions gathered to fight over such a matter?) When a question can be answered only in shades of grey, someone needs to make a style choice. Theyll decide that – for example – theyll always use one space after a full stop, US spelling and an initial capital for their company name. And then everyone at the company will always do it that way. Style guides are the norm in the publishing world. But youll find them in all kinds of fields, including law, medicine, academia, government – and increasingly in business too. Do you need one? Is a style guide right for you and your company? Yes, probably. That may seem like a bold statement (I dont know you, after all). But its a safe guess, because a style guide can help people at almost every level of almost any organisation. For example, if youre a team leader who spends too much time editing colleagues documents and emails before youre happy with them, a style guide can help. If youre the head of marketing and frustrated that the tone of voice in your companys external documents is at odds with your brand, a style guide can help. And if you find yourself heading to Google again and again over the same sort of questions – you may have guessed already. Yes, a style guide could definitely help. What style can do for you So, what benefits can a style guide bring? Well, it can help to settle office arguments. But it can do much more than that. When everyone has the same reference point, the key benefit is consistency. And for a companys or organisations written output – whether thats documents, webpages, letters, emails or all of the above – this is vital. Small inconsistencies in spelling, formatting or tone may not seem like a big deal. But they can niggle at the people reading them – even if those people dont realise quite why. Page by page, or screen by screen, those little irregularities chip away at their confidence in your company. How about that overstretched team leader? Consistencys important for them too. After all, it could mean the difference between needing just 20 minutes to sign off their teams work or several hours and another late night at the office. And its not just the time – its the decisions themselves. With no authority giving a casting vote on style matters, the poor team leader is left to decide every time. That can be exhausting. Research suggests we have capacity for only a limited number of decisions a day, even the seemingly tiny ones. So, finding ways to bypass some of them means preserving a valuable resource: your mental energy. This saving naturally extends to every person writing within the organisation – which, in the age of email, is probably almost everyone. With just one handy reference to check, all are saved from falling into a potential black hole of online searching. Pick a guide (not any guide) But how do you go about choosing the style guide for your organisation? You can choose to use someone elses, such as the highly regarded, informed and eloquent guides of The Economist and Guardian. As long as everyone at your workplace knows which one theyre supposed to check, this can work. However, the best style guides are effective because theyre relevant: everything in them applies to the work that people at the organisation actually do. For most of us, that doesnt include writing articles for the Guardian. When you try to bend someone elses guidance to your needs, you can find yourself stuck with a lot of information thats of little use to you. (For example, the Guardians guide includes a curiously detailed entry on canal boats, and how narrowboats differ from barges.) Meanwhile, youll probably also be missing areas you do need. So you might want to refine your search. For a more business-focused book, you could look no further than our own. We produced The Write Stuff as a universal guide to help people write at work. Thats why it includes sections on writing for the web and for a global audience, tips for clear writing and getting the best from email. Plus, of course, our take on those tricky style issues. Its designed to answer the kinds of questions that youre likely to face at work. You can download it for yourself here. Build your own The ultimate answer is to develop your own guide, purpose-built for your organisation. But how do you go about this? You dont have to start from scratch. Instead, start by looking at whats already out there to see what could be covered, then adapt it to fit as needed. Then pin down the questions that crop up repeatedly in your department or company. Which decisions have to be made over and over again? Which words and terms cause problems or dispute? Is the company name formatted in too many different ways? What tone of voice are you hoping to encourage? What values best sum up your company ethos? How can this be reflected in your writing choices? Gather examples to illustrate all these points – youll need to include these. Create a list, then ask other people to look at the list and add their own ideas. Keep in mind that this isnt a place to catalogue everyones personal punctuation bugbears or to explain complex grammatical issues. (The latter might require training; the former may be best reserved for a personal blog.) Remember that youre aiming to end up with a useful resource for quick reference. Making it work Clearly, even the best guide will do little good if no one uses it or even knows it exists. So bring your colleagues into the process early on: ask them for their thoughts on drafts and for feedback on the finished article. Theyre more likely to take it to their hearts if they dont feel like its merely the product of one persons mission. When its published, consider having a launch event to get people on board and enthusiastic – you could even combine the launch with training. And make the guide easy to find. A searchable online version is good, as long as its not buried on your intranet. But if you really want to encourage people to thumb through it regularly, go old-school and put a hard copy on everyones desk. We can help Even for a seasoned editor, all this can sound like a daunting task. If it does to you, thats OK. You can enlist some experienced help. Weve worked with many clients to create guides that are a perfect fit for their company. Starting with The Write Stuff as a basis, we work directly with them to see what we need to add (or subtract). For example, one client added a section on how to write for PowerPoint. Another cut Writing for a global audience and added guidance on referencing and bibliographies. And whatever additions or subtractions make sense for your team or organisation, by consulting every step of the way we can create the reference that is exactly what you need. If youd like to talk to us about developing the right guide for your company, get in touch. Finding the answers Writing at work comes with all kinds of challenges. It involves hundreds of tiny decisions along the way and – as weve said before – theres no one authority on high to tell us whats correct in the widest sense. The good news is that that doesnt really matter. Within the cosier confines of your daily working life – and with the right book on your desk – you can still have all the answers you really need in one place. If you feel its time for you to settle on a style for your team or organisation, dont forget you can download our guide, The Write Stuff, here. And if youd like to talk to us about helping to develop one tailor-made for you, get in touch. Image credit: Eric Isselee / Shutterstock

Cons of radiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cons of radiation - Essay Example There has been an immense form of evolution of the life on earth. It is in relation to both the useful and harmful effects of Ultraviolet radiation that human beings have to live with. They can either be from natural sources or artificial sources, but the damage is as a result of human activity. For a long time, the life on earth has been exposed to radiations that occur naturally beyond the earth. It is known as cosmic radiation as well as the radioactive material that is found within the crust of the earth. The lack of proper or appropriate usage has serious consequences on the lives of humans, plants and animals. It is because they lead to the emission of the rays in different wavelengths that cause harm on the surface of the earth. In turn, it leads to a lot of damage on the human, animal and plant lives hence the radiation exposure from natural and man-made sources (Casper, 2010). Although most of these radioactive substances that occur naturally end up into the nuclear waste stream, most of these are products of the fission products emitted from the nuclear reactors. Some of the cons of these kind of radiation products include: The lack of safety of the technology that is associated with improper waste handling techniques. It results in the significant technical uncertainty that is caused by the use of geological repositories. The final isolation of the unresolved nuclear waste remains is a major cause of this. They have a great effect on the host rock owing to the construction and burial of repository (Miller & Spoolman, 2010). For a long time, radiation from the sun as well as that from other human activities that are related to treatment and the creation of nuclear weapons has been linked to global warming and its adverse effects. The exposure of some radioactive elements can turn pieces of land sterile. This means that numerous activities can no longer be performed on land with such conditions since they

Organisational Structural Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisational Structural Issues - Case Study Example The new management versus the old organizational structure always comes in clash with each other. The Regency Hotel Case is an example that depicts the issues arising in an organization after it has been acquired by a different group of investors. The Regency Hotel is shown to be a successful entity in the hotel business along with its eastern culture and a bureaucratic structure. The employees of the organization are satisfied and adhere to the management’s set standards and practices. Becker, the new manager, however, has different and more westernized thoughts of empowerment and risk taking. The major structural issue faced by the Regency Hotel is the transition from pure bureaucracy to complete empowerment. The old employees believe in supervision where as the new manager believes more in delegation and team cohesion. â€Å"Team cohesion is an extent to which team members band together and remain committed to achieving team goals.† (Lussier and Achua, 2010) Differen t organizational behavioral model can be used to explain the structural issues in the case at hand. â€Å"Management researcher Douglas McGregor proposed possible assumptions that managers make about workers.† (Bagad 2008) His theory X and Y are well evident in the management perceptions of Becker and the previous managers of the Regency Grand hotel. Becker was a proponent of participative management style also of known as McGregor’s Theory Y while the old management believed in the authoritative style of management known as the Theory X. Becker’s behavior can also be explained through McClelland’s Achievement Theory of Motivation also known as the acquired needs theory. McClelland believed that a person’s needs are a resultant of life experiences and cultural background. He explains three categories of needs as need for achievement, need for affiliation and the need for power. In our case, Becker agreed with the acquired needs theory and believed that people have needs to achieve goals and are motivated to perform in a more productive manner if these needs are catered for in an organization. Also, the need for being affiliated made Becker keep rapport with the front line staff, He empowered them so they control their environment and their need for power is fulfilled. Another theory that helps us understand the case in a better manner is the Vroom Theory. â€Å"One of the greatest attractions of the Vroom Theory is that it recognizes the importance of various individual needs and motivation.† (Koontz and Weihrich, 2007) The Vroom theory advocates management by objective, the concept that Becker wanted to introduce in the Hotel work environment. The all the above mentioned theories and their application to the case suggests that Becker was more team oriented and believed in the fact that motivation and risk taking leads to greater employee satisfaction and better results for the organization. He wanted to introduce the element of self efficacy in the newly acquired hotel. â€Å"Self efficacy refers to ones belief in one’s capability to perform a specific task.† (Gist, 1987) The case showed that Becker was going by the theories when it came to the organizational structure as he believed in the modern principles and the new paradigms of organizational behavior. The new shift in the field of organizational behavior advocates a flexible organization that continuously learns and adapt. As Daft and Lewin (1993) explained in their essay â€Å"the trend appears to be moving away from the paradigm within which

The Fifth Child Essay Example for Free

The Fifth Child Essay The main characters in this novel are Harriet and David Lovatt. They met each other at an office Christimas party, where they see each other from across a room crowded with dancing, drinking people and recognize, as they study each other, that they are fundamentally quite similar. In 1960`s they decide to marry and invest everything they have into a rambling Victorian house. Both of them have ideals like fidelity,family life and a permanent house. Harriet and David Lovat are a conventional couple in 1960’s England. Their only oddity seems to be their desire for a large family, and when they produce four children in quick succession, they seem to be building the happy family they want. The Christian connotations of the names of the male children, Paul and Luke, are unmistakable, and this layer of meaning is reinforced by the way the entire family regularly assembles from far and wide to celebrate the great festivals of the religious year. Even they are happy with their four children, she gets pregnant again with the fifth child, but she has a strange feeling that this child is different from the others. She feels the unborn baby to be a savage thing, and baby Ben emerges like a beast of the Apocalypse, an anti-Christ. He started to move violently and too early inside Harriet. The birth is one month early and very difficult. After half a year he is able to walk without help, but it`s not only very strong, he is also extremly aggressive too. Over the next few years they are forced to recognize that „little† Ben is more like a monster, not a child and his violent behaviour produces some horrifying accidents. He often beats his brothers and sisters. „Harriet was wondering why she was always treated like a criminal. Ever since Ben was born it’s been like this, she thought. Now it seemed to her the truth, that everyone had silently condemned her. I have suffered a misfortune, she told herself; I haven’t committed a crime. †

The Lady of Shalott and The Lady in the Looking Glass :: Lady of Shalott Essays

The Lady of Shalott and The Lady in the Looking Glass Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote "The Lady of Shalott" around 1830, during what is known as the Victorian Age. Virginia Woolf published "The Lady in the Looking Glass: A Reflection" in 1929, during what is referred to as the Modernist Age. These works of art both deal with women who have important relationships with mirrors. The light in these stories has a great and different effect and meaning for each of these women. The importance and meaning of light are contrasted in these two tales, representing a change in writer's attitudes toward light portrayal. In Tennyson's poem, the woman known as The Lady of Shalott, has been placed in a tower and told if she ever looks directly onto Camelot, she will be cursed. "A curse is on her if she stay / To look down to Camelot"(lines 40-41). She relies upon a mirror to reflect to her what happens outside her tower. Light is very important to her, as without the light there can be no reflections. It is through the use of this mirror that she glimpses Lancelot riding by, in the sunlight, "His broad clear brow in sunlight glow'd;"(line 100). She falls in love with him, and watches him ride away causing her eye to wander from the mirror to the road and on to Camelot. The light, which beforehand had allowed her glimpses of the world, is her undoing and the curse is upon her. Up until the point when the Lady decided to look toward Camelot, the light had been a positive aspect in her life. The light was most often friendly for The Lady of Shalott, but it does not prove to be friendly to Isabella Tyson, the main character in Woolf's "The Lady in the Looking-Glass: A Reflection." After returning from the garden, "At once the looking-glass began to pour over her a light that seemed to fix her; that seemed like some acid to bite off the unessential and superficial and to leave only the truth"(2456).

The Glorious Revolution in England

The Glorious Revolution of England happened in the seventeenth century, and the French Revolution, happened in the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century this is during the age of enlightenment. The revolutions where started because of the new ideas and wants of the common people. They have a lot of similarities because they influenced each other but they also have many differences because they are different countries and people.Because the ideas from the revolutions are so new and smart they influenced many other countries and their governments. The Glorious Revolution of England came fist during the eightinth century was the idea to overthrow King James II and replace him with a ParliamentThe French Revolution began with members of the Third Estate pronouncing the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in July. The similarities are mostly in how the revolution was started.Both King Charles I and Louis XVI were in debt because of the lack of money left b ehind from past monarchs. Both kings gave the problem on the peasants which made them very angry. They didn’t want to pay off the debt of the monarchs who they already payed large taxes to. King Charles I and Louis XVI had to summon on Parliament and the Estates to fix their financial issue. Instead of fixing the money problem they came up with new ways of government and planned against the monarchy. The main differences between the revolutions came from the philosophers.The main philosopher that influenced the revolution in France was Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the main philosopher for England was John Locke. John Locke was known as the father of libertarionism and is reguarded as one of the most influencial elightenment thinkers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the advance of modern political and educational ideas The political and social ideas of both the English and the French revolutions influenced many governments in the world such as America, Canada, Germany.. tc. Because of the English revolution the political idea of a constitutional monarchy rose and allowed more freedom and input from the common people in England. The French revolution made way for new government systems, such as democracy and socialism. The glorious revolution in England and the French revolution both are key turning points during the age of enlightenment and have influenced many of today’s governments as well.

Obstacles Teachers May Face Essay

The process of how an individual learns is based on the theories surrounding behaviorism, conditioning, modeling and self regulation. Students can be problematic if proper resolutions aren’t put in place when a dilemma arises. There is a great emphasis on the importance and relevance in motivating the students in the classroom. Without the knowledge of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and what drives students to learn, teachers may not know what inspires or how to encourage students to work to the best of their ability. Teachers must portray themselves in a professional manner at all times, whether they are dealing with students, parents or colleagues. Professionalism can be defined in several ways and some characteristics of a professional teacher include being committed to learners in a way that incorporates a code of ethics, have the ability to make routine and efficient decisions in a complex and ill-defined situation, conduct a critical self examination of one’s teachings, i. . reflective practice, and acquire the element of professional knowledge to constantly improve, develop and expand one’s methods of teaching to maximize learning environments (Eggan, P. & Kauchak, D. 2010. pp, 4 – 6). One obstacle a teacher may face is if he or she gets asked a question that they don’t know the answer to. Students look up to teachers and depend on them for the knowledge they require (Yero, J. L. , 2002. P173). Understanding each topic is simply not enough; a teacher needs to be able to represent topics in an understandable way that is appropriate to the age of the learner. For example, the solution to explaining how to multiply numbers is to firstly acquire the knowledge of content then illustrate how to multiply the numbers. This is referred to as pedagogical knowledge. Pedagogical knowledge requires the teacher to understand principles of instructional strategies and classroom management. Involving each student in the learning process in order to enhance productive learning comes with knowledge and experience. Instructional strategies that promote productive learning include: selecting topics that are important for students to learn, provide clear learning objectives and prepare learning activities respectively, design assessments that relate to the workload and maintain the instructional alignment between the three, i. e. the connection between learning objectives, learning activities and assessments (Eggan, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. pp390 – 394). A teacher must have a positive and caring attitude, be organized, communicate effectively, respect and encourage rather than punish and constantly question and prompt incorrect answers to manage a productive classroom (Nelson, J. , Lott, L. & Glen, S. p20-27). Identifying clear standards of acceptable behavior i. e. rules, be supportive to each student and create a sense of equilibrium are all strategies to ensure a produ ctive and manageable classroom. The aim of all teachers is to promote as much learning as possible. Behaviorism focuses on the idea that learning is â€Å"influenced by stimuli from the environment† (Eggan, P. & Kauchak, D. 2010. p,164). For example, feeling nervous before an exam is a learned behavior due to previous experiences/knowledge of exams. This feeling is involuntary to the individual, and it is referred to as classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can be positive or negative, depending on which, it can have different effects on the learner. If the teacher uses positive reinforcement within the classroom the students will gradually associate learning to the teacher’s manner and thus feel safe within the classroom resulting in a productive learning environment. In contrast negative or non-reinforcement results in the cessation of a behavior and results in a classroom environment that is not productive. Children learn acceptable behaviors through observing adults, therefore teachers are role models, and it is important for a teacher to demonstrate respect, tolerance, and values to motivate learning (Call, N. Featherstone, S. 2004 p. 47). Cognitive modeling is essential to the learning process as teachers use this to perform a demonstration and verbalize the thinking behind the actions taken (Eggan, P. & Kauchak. D. , 2010. p. 182). An obstacle one may face is if some children are having trouble learning how to pass a netball to one another. Often, children instinctively bounce the ball, instead of passing it, as cla ssical conditioning has taught them to do so from a young age. The teacher must describe one’s thoughts of how to pass a netball, whilst performing the action, which in turn encourages students to verbalize their understandings in any situation, resulting in a productive learning environment. Modeling is the key concept of social cognitive theory. Cognitive, behavioral and emotional change in children is a result of observing models. Modeling affects people by learning new behaviors, facilitating existing behaviors, changing inhibitions and by arousing emotions (Eggan, P. & Kauchak, D. 2010. p. 183). These observations lead to learner expectations, which in turn are accomplished through self-regulation. Settings goals and monitoring that progress is an essential element of learning. The student observes another student passing the netball. He then models the observation, uses that experience to expand his knowledge thus takes responsibility and control of his learning. Teaching is constantly developing and changing, and the need for motivation is a necessary procedure to support and increase student learning and the teaching process. A common obstacle teacher’s face is how to motivate uninterested and unengaged students. Some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, but many need or expect their instructors to inspire, challenge and stimulate them. An unmotivated student is likely to choose work that is inappropriately easy, show a negative attitude, give up quickly and leave tasks unfinished. This can disrupt the students around him and cause interruptions in the learning environment (Nelson, J. Lott L. , & Glenn, S. 1997 p. 72). There are two broad forms of motivation; extrinsic – where some students will be motivated by the approval of others, for example, by getting a good grade, and intrinsic motivation, where the learner studies in order to understand the content presented to them because they like the challenge and want to perform (Eggen, P. & Kauchak, D. 2010. p. 287). To encourage students to become self motivated and independent learners, teachers can give frequent, early, positive feedback. This supports the students beliefs’ that they can, and are doing well as viewed by the humanistic theory of motivation. The teacher can also help students find personal meaning and value in the material as viewed by cognitive and social cognitive theory of motivation, and create an atmosphere that is open and positive which help students feel that they are a valued member of the learning community which is based on the socioculural theory of motivation. In addition, a teacher can ensure opportunities for students’ success by assigning tasks that are neither too easy nor too difficult which is a view shared by behaviorist theories (Eggen, P. & Kauchak, D. 2010. p. 289). It must be understood that individuals are motivated through a wide variety of needs. While teachers can’t make or teach students to be self-motivated, they can encourage and promote this highly desirable trait. To conclude, there are many solutions to the obstacles a teacher may face in a learning environment. A teacher should act and approach a classroom with a professional attitude and an academic manner by being knowledgeable and recognizing the importance for assessing oneself. Teachers must be aware of the influence they make on students’ learning and how to promote positive and engaging classroom environments in order to solve the dilemmas they may be presented with in regards to behaviors students display. Furthermore, teachers need to understand that the process of motivation stems from stimulation, which in turn is followed by an emotional reaction that leads to either a positive or negative behavioral response. By understanding the theories based on solutions to the problems a teacher may face in the classroom, they may have a better chance at expecting when a problem may arise, and resolve the situation immediately.

Are INFJs Funny Understanding This Rare Personality Type

Are INFJs Funny Understanding This Rare Personality Type SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips INFJs are the rarest of the Meyers-Briggs personality types, making up less than one percent of the population. Often known as "diplomats," INFJs are known as idealistic doers who will fight tirelessly for causes they believe in. But what does that mean for what INFJs are like day-to-day as friends, co-workers, family members, and romantic partners? Are they closed off? Are they helpful? Is an INFJ funny? Read on to find out more. The Top 5 Characteristics of INFJs INFJ stands for Introversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Judgement. INFJs are extremely rare, and have a unique combination of traits. They are both soft-spoken and willing to fight for what they believe in. Consider these top five personality traits of INFJs. #1: Extremely Private As introverts, INFJs keep their personal thoughts and feelings close to the vest. They don't trust easily, so they don't like to share about themselves until they've let someone into their inner circle. It takes INFJs a long time to truly open up to other people. #2: Determined and Passionate INFJs love a cause. They are passionate, determined fighters for what they believe in. When INFJs believe that something or someone is important, they will fight tirelessly for it. #3: Insightful INFJs are known for being able to see connections that others may not easily perceive. They can often see through deceit and have a penchant for knowing when they're being lied to. INFJs also understand emotions and make perceptive and intuitive friends, often knowing something is wrong before you do. #4: Perfectionistic INFJs believe in perfection- in business, in relationships, in friendships. They will fight to achieve great results in all aspects of their lives, but can be quick to drop people and situations if they feel that something is not working out as it should be. #5: Altruistic INFJs fight for the greater good. There's a reason why some of the most well-known humanitarians in history, including Mother Theresa and Gandhi, were INFJs. They don't want to advance themselves; they fight because they want to make the world a better place. What Are INFJs Like in Relationships? Now that we know more about what INFJs are like as people, what are they like in relationships? Are they loyal? Is an INFJ funny? Are they demanding? INFJs don't let new people into their lives easily, but once they do, they are warm, amiable companions. INFJs will fight for their friends, romantic partners, and family members tirelessly. They want to make sure their partners are happy and healthy. Is an INFJ funny? While, as introverts, INFJs don't love to be the center of attention at a party, they do like to joke around with their loved ones. In situations where they're comfortable, INFJs can even seem extroverted. The Bottom Line INFJs are loyal, caring, and intuitive companions. They love having a cause, and will fight tirelessly for people and ideas that they believe in. If you're lucky enough to know an INFJ, you're likely to have a positive, deep relationship.

Colorful Words from Latin

Colorful Words from Latin Colorful Words from Latin Colorful Words from Latin By Maeve Maddox Among the many Latin words that inform the English vocabulary are several that derive from Roman words for colors. 1. White Latin albus gives us: alb (noun): a white vestment reaching the feet and enveloping the entire body, worn by clergy, servers, and others taking part in church services. album (noun): a bound or loose-leaf book usually with mostly blank pages. The Romans also had the word album: a blank tablet on which the Pontifex Maximus registered the principal events of the year. The Germans were the first to adopt the word album to refer to an autograph book or scrapbook to keep souvenirs in. Youngsters used to digital music albums may not know that the original â€Å"record albums† resembled books with pages. (Do I need to define that other strange concept, â€Å"book with pages†?) albumin (noun): a member of a class of simple globular proteins that are soluble in water. Albumin (also albumen) means â€Å"egg white.† 2. Yellow Latin aureus denoted a golden yellow; croceus was a saffron yellow. These colors give us: crocus (noun): a small spring flower grown from a bulb. Crocuses come in yellow, purple, and white; the flower takes its name from the yellow ones. aureole (noun): the gold disc that surrounds the head of a saint in a painting. By extension, an aureole can be any kind of radiating light surrounding something. In astronomy, the light that peeks out at the edges of the sun during an eclipse is an aureole. 3. Green The word for green, viridis, gives us: verdigris (noun): a green or greenish blue poisonous pigment obtained by the action of acetic acid on copper and used chiefly in antifouling paints and formerly in medicine. verdant (adjective): green with growing plants. Lush lawns are often referred to as verdant. 4. Black Two words for black, niger, â€Å"black or very dark brown† and coracinus, â€Å"raven black,† give us: Negro (noun): A member of a dark-skinned group of peoples originally native to sub-Saharan Africa. negroid (adjective): of, resembling, or related to the Negro race. corbin (noun): obsolete word for a raven. corbie (noun): A word for raven or crow in Scots dialect. You may know the word from having read the ballad â€Å"The Twa Corbies† in which two carrion crows discuss dining on a fallen knight. corbel (noun): a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry weight. It’s a kind of bracket. Its relation to the Latin word for black is tenuous. Corbel from Latin corbellus, which is a diminutive for corvus, â€Å"raven.† The architectural feature gets its name from the â€Å"beak-like appearance of the structure.† What about red? Latin had so many words for red, and English has so many words derived from them, that I shall save red for a post of its own. Related posts: Colorful words from the Greek Take Care with ‘Album’ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should Avoid60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†Treatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example First, education in light of pedagogy should create non-class reproduction systems. The formal education in our schools is too concentrated on the mechanical out put the students. This is the area of controlling scholars through consent. The school of educational philosophy terms this as bourgeois hegemony. This principal dominates any social setting through its premeditated standards like schools, trade unions, churches and the family. As a learner, going through such a system will not lead to any transformation. These social standards tend to narrow scholars into a system of values, behaviors, believes, attitudes and morality (Monchinski, 2010:92). As a result learners reproduce the same social order and the class welfare that rule it. These are organized principles and established world standards that agents of ideology diffuse in every area of life. In a school setting, real transformation should be the emphasized. The instructor should aim at renovating the initial mindset of hi s learners. He should pass them through a process of learning and relearning to prepare them thoroughly for participation in a democratic society. The major goal of a teacher education is to prepare and mentor individuals into informed citizens in a democratic society. The classroom environment should not embark on re-establishing the existing social norms but its focus should be to prepare the learners for the role of transforming their societies. The education standards should lean towards a social change, which advocates for dynamic citizenship for both the learners and the educator. There should be a rapport between the teaching standards and the philosophical goal of critical... This paper approves that educational philosophy also aims at creating a revolutionalised society. Addressing social questions and the need for creating a better society through education is the Reconstructionism theory in educational viewpoint. This essay makes a conclusion that the curriculum aims at achieving a social change through the learners who graduate and initiate the required social reforms. Just like the path taken by critical pedagogy, the reconstructionism theory believes the school process of acquiring education leads to self awareness among the people. This in turn changes people’s perception and thus they work towards creating a new social order that can suit them. Feasible aspects in our society today like poverty, crime, and classism are some of the social imbalances that led to launching of this philosophical theory. Today, education is still the vehicle through which human nature applies to alter the social status we live in. In this line of thought, the learner must acquire knowledge to invent and re-invent their world. Educational course should not be a process of banking knowledge to learner’s mind but it should be a tool for dialogue and social consciousness. Reconstructionists believe that the curriculum ought to concentrate on student experience. It also helps to address the social problems the world faces today. This philosophy of education theory is the mechanism through which hunger, inequality, international terrorism, and other social vices can be addressed.